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Appendix A A-3
PULSE WAVE SHAPING PRINCIPLES
WAVE DESIGNER
• From time T1 to T2: Background current maintains an arc, and a weld bead starts to
form.
• From time T2 to T3: Ramp-up current forms the weld droplet at the tip of the electrode.
• From time T3 to T4: Peak current and peak time separate the droplet and propel it
toward the weld surface. The arc width and transfer force are
controlled by peak current and peak time.
• From time T4 to T5: Tailout current controls the heat input to and agitation of the weld
puddle. Shorter tailout contributes less heat to the weld. (The level of
background current also affects the weld heat.)
• After time T5: The waveform repeats to start the weld droplet transfer process over
again.
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T1 T2 T5T3 T4
BACKGROUND AMPS
RAMP-UP RATE
PEAK AMPS
TAILOUT
WELD
DROPLET
TRANSFER
SPRAY TRANSITION
CURRENT
FIGURE A-2. WELD DROPLET TRANSFER.
EACH PULSE DELIVERS ONE DROPLET OF WELD MATERIAL
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