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Another twist to this format is that in most cases the logic-level syncs are separated and run each in its
own channel, but there are cases where the logic-level syncs come composite – joined together in the
same mix of directions.
In the digital world – SDI, DV, MPEG and other formats, the synchronization signals either travel in a
special digital sync channel or, in most cases, are embedded in the digital signal.
Due to the extensive use of sync related products, serious problems concerning sync signals may arise
such as improper analog sync levels, damaged vertical sync, sync deterioration and improper polarity
of the horizontal and vertical syncs.
1.2 Video Sync Processors
Kramer Electronics has a full line of Video
Sync Processors
that can perform sync stabilization, restoration
and conversion n the following categories:
Video Sync Generators
: Generate standard video sync and black burst for studio genlock.
Video Sync Converters
: Convert between the different sync formats - Composite, separate H & V
syncs and Analog or TTL level. One machine in this category does sync to Green adding and
separating.
Video Sync Restorers
: Restore and re-build lost or distorted sync signals and full black burst signals.
1.3 Factors Affecting Quality of Results
There are many factors affecting the quality of results when signals are transmitted from a source to an
acceptor as described in Table 1:
Table 1: Factors Affecting Quality of Results
FACTOR EFFECT
Connection cables:
Low quality cables are susceptible to interference; they degrade signal quality
due to poor matching and cause elevated noise levels. They should therefore be
of the best quality.
Sockets and connectors of
the sources and acceptors:
So often ignored, they should be of highest quality, since "Zero Ohm" connection
resistance is the objective. Sockets and connectors also must match the required
impedance (75ohm in video). Cheap, low quality connectors tend to rust, thus
causing breaks in the signal path.
Amplifying circuitry:
Must have quality performance when the desired end result is high linearity, low
distortion and low noise operation.
Distance between sources
and acceptors:
Plays a major role in the final result. For long distances between sources and
acceptors, special measures should be taken in order to avoid cable losses. These
include using higher quality cables or adding line amplifiers.
Interference from
neighboring electrical
appliances:
These can have an adverse effect on signal quality. Balanced audio lines are less
prone to interference, but unbalanced audio should be installed far from any
mains power cables, electric motors, transmitters, etc. even when the cables are
shielded.