Energizer PP355 Battery Charger User Manual

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ENERGIZERBATTERYMANUFACTURING

VERSION1.2

Section3:ApplicationandDesignConsiderations



Excessive exposure to air can have an adverse affect on Zinc Air battery operation, primarily due to

carbondioxidereactingwiththeelectrolyteintheairelectrode .Thebatterycanalso absorbwateror

dryoutdependingon ambientconditions.Balanci ngtheairrequirementofthebatteryduringdischarge

versus

theneedtominimizeexposureduringrestiscalledairmanagement.Airmanagementmightbe

assimpleasremovingthetabfromthebatteryandinsertingitintoadevice,oritmightincludeasystem

toopen andcontrolair accesstothe batteryasneeded.Airmanagementis

applicationspecific,and

mostdeviceswillrequiresomedegreeofairmanagementtooptimizebatteryperformance.



3.1‐‐AirManagement



Thereareseveraltypesofairmanagement.Thesimplestmeth odofairmanagementis removingthe

tabandputtingthebatteryinthedevice.Thisishowminiaturezincaircellsareusedinhearingaids

sincethe totalbattery lifeis typically expectedto be6‐8 weeks.As

the deviceusage becomesmore 

intermittent,othermethodsofairmanagementareneededtodeliveroptimalbatteryperformance.



Throttlingisa techniquetopermanentlyrestrictairaccesstoonlywhatisneededby thebattery ina

specific application.Throttling is most appropriate in devices that require a small portion

of the

maximum current that a batterycan sustain.For example, a device mightrequire 10 mA ofcurrent

comparedtothemaximumof100mAthataPP355cansustain.Thistechniqueworksbestfordevices

thathavealowaveragedrainratewithlittleincreas edpowerneeds.Byrestricting

theairaccesstothe

battery,theperformancelifecanbeextended.



As device use becomes more intermittent and as device power demands increase, valved (open and

shut)airmanagementbecomesmoreappropriate.Valvedsystemsareeithermechanicalorelectronic.

Eachsystemrequiresasealedbatteryorbatterycompartment,into

whichairisintroducedbythevalve

when the device needs power.A seal can be accomplished with common materials such as o‐rings,

gaskets,over‐moldedortwo‐partinjectionmoldedmaterials,orothermethods.Amechanicalsolution

mightbe anON/ OFFslideswitch whichactsas

asimple airvalve.Otherdevicespecificmechanical

actionscouldalsobeusedtoopenandclosetheairaccess.Examplesincludechanging devicesettings,

movingapieceorapartofthedeviceduringuse,pressingabutton,turningadial,ormanipulatinga

threaded component.An electronic valve would

 act in a similar fashion, except that the device

electronicswouldopentheairaccess automatically.Avalvecouldbeopenedasafunctionofdevice

state(on=open,off=closed),oritmightbeafunctionoftheinstantaneouspowerneeds ofthedevice.

Inavalved

airmanageme ntsolution,alowlevelofairaccessmightstillbeneededtobeabletoprovide

thequiescent,orbackground,powerrequiredtoactivatetheON/OFFvalve.Figure11showsgenerally

whereeachoftheseairmanagementtechniquesisappropriate.

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Energizer PP355 Battery Charger User Manual