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(
@
) before /l/, /m/, or /n/ indicates that the syllable may be realized with a syllabic l,
m, or n, rather than with a vowel and consonant, e.g. /
"bVt
(
@
)
n
/ rather than /
"bVt@n
/.
(
r
) indicates an r that is sometimes sounded when a vowel follows, as in drawer,
cha-chaing.
Foreign pronunciations
Foreign words and phrases, whether naturalized or not, are always given an
anglicized pronunciation. The anglicized pronunciation represents the normal
pronunciation used by native speakers of standard English (who may not be
speakers of other languages) when using the word in an English context. A foreign
pronunciation is also given for words taken from other languages (principally
French, Dutch, German, Italian, Russian, and Spanish) where this is appreciably
different from the anglicized form and where the other language is familiar to a
reasonable number of English speakers.
Where the native form of a foreign place name is given in addition to the anglicized
form, only the foreign pronunciation of this form is given.
Foreign-language transcriptions are based on current national standards. Regional
variations have not been given, except in the case of Spanish transcriptions, where
both Castilian and American Spanish variants are given (if distinct). Transcriptions
are broad, and many symbols, identical to those used for transcribing English, have
similar values to those of RP. In a few cases, where there is no English equivalent
to a foreign sound, a symbol has been added to the inventory. The additional
symbols used to represent foreign pronunciations are given on the right.
Consonants
C
(German)
J
(French)
(Italian)
(Portuguese)
(Spanish)
B
(Spanish)
G
(Spanish)
F
(Italian)
Û
(Hungarian)
R
French ‘r’
r
all other values of ‘r’ in
other featured languages.
Ehrlich, gemütlich
Monseigneur, Auvergne, Daubigny
Emilia-Romagna
Minho
España, Buñuel
Bilbao
Burgos
Cagliari
Magyarország
Anvers, Arles
(German) Braunschweig
(Italian) Alberti
(Russian) Grozny
(Spanish) Algeciras, zarzuela
Vowels
Short vowels
6
(German) Abitur
A
(Dutch) Nederland
e
(French) abbé
(Italian) Croce
(Spanish) Albacete
o
(French) auberge
(Italian) Palio
(Spanish) Cortes
O
(French) Bonnard
(German) durchkomponiert
(Greek) Dhílos
(Hungarian) Brassó
(Italian) Borgia
9
(French) Pasteur
{
(French) Montreux
u
(French) Anjou
(Italian) Duccio
(Spanish) Asunción
long vowels
(
;
indicates length
)
a;
(Dutch) Den Haag
(German) Aachen
e;
(German) Wehrmacht
(Dutch) Nederland
(Irish) Gaeltacht
o;
(German) verboten
(Hungarian) Brassó
{;
(German) Gasthöfe