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USING PHOTOSHOP ELEMENTS 8
Glossary
Last updated 7/26/2011
gradient Any of several methods for achieving a smooth transition between two adjacent colors, including black and
white.
Gray working space profile A predefined profile that determines how best to display and print grayscale images for a
given color setting.
grayscale A single-channel image that includes only black, white, and shades of gray. Depending on the bit depth,
grayscale images can reproduce various shades of gray.
H
halftone A monochrome image made up of variably sized dots simulating the shades of gray in a photograph. It is used
for reproducing photographs on PostScript printers and printing presses.
highlight and shadow The lightest and darkest colors in an image.
highlights The brightest elements in an image. (See also “shadows” on page 301.)
histogram A bar chart showing the distribution of the pixel values in a digital image. The horizontal axis represents
levels from 0 (darkest) to lightest (255), and the vertical axis represents the numbers of pixels at each level.
history state An image state listed in the Undo History panel.
hotspot An area in which light is concentrated to such a degree that all detail is lost; that is, an area that is blown out
to white.
HSB A color mode that is based on the human perception of color and describes it according to hue, saturation, and
brightness.
hue The color reflected from or transmitted through an object. In common use, hue is the property that allows a color
to be distinguished as red, blue, yellow, and so on; the “color of a color.”
hue jitter Sets the rate at which the stroke color switches between the foreground and background colors. Higher
values cause more frequent switches between the two colors than lower values.
I
ICC International Color Consortium. ICC device profiles are the industry standard for reproducing colors accurately
across devices such as scanners, monitors, and printers. (See also
“profile” on page 299.)
ICM Image Color Management, is Windows’s built-in color management system that uses color profiles for images
and devices such as scanners or printers. Similar to Apple’s ColorSync on Mac OS.
illuminance A measure of the light falling upon a subject in a photograph.
image cache A section of hard disk space used as virtual memory. The image cache speeds the on-screen redraw of
high-resolution images.
image mode The color mode of an image, such as Grayscale or RGB.
indexed color A color that is rendered by using a pixel value as an index to a panel of 256 or fewer colors for
interpretation.
interlaced video Video generated by a system developed for early television and still in use in standard television
displays. Video is displayed on-screen at 30 frames per second (NTSC) or 25 frames per second (PAL). Each frame is
divided into two interlaced fields, each displayed for 1/60 of a second. The odd field contains all the odd-numbered
scan lines, and the even field contains all the even-numbered scan lines of a video frame. The human eye perceives the
information in two sequential interlaced fields as one unified frame. (See also
“progressive scan” on page 299.)
